在自動(dòng)變速器運(yùn)行中，ATF是不斷流動(dòng)的。一般來說，自動(dòng)變速器的ATF循環(huán)是這樣進(jìn)行的：首先，油泵被發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)并從油底殼中抽取ATF，ATF首先進(jìn)入液壓閥體中的主調(diào)壓閥，其中一部分ATF經(jīng)主調(diào)壓閥進(jìn)入液力變矩器，在進(jìn)入液力變矩器之前還會(huì)經(jīng)過液壓閥體的鎖止調(diào)壓閥進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)；ATF在流經(jīng)液力變矩器后，再流過散熱器，由于散熱器在變速器的外部，因此這時(shí)ATF已經(jīng)流出了變速器，然后經(jīng)過散熱器的回油管再次流入變速器。次油路通常稱為潤(rùn)滑油路，它用于對(duì)行星齒輪等機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑，防止其過熱而燒損；最后，這些潤(rùn)滑油流回位于變速器底部的油底殼，從而完成一次循環(huán)。隨著油泵持續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，ATF回周而復(fù)始地循環(huán)。因此，在自動(dòng)變速器維修工作中，零件的清洗和清潔顯得至關(guān)重要。通常我們使用煤油來清洗零件，有的小型修理廠為了節(jié)省，反復(fù)用少量的煤油清洗零件，然后用壓縮空氣吹干了事。結(jié)果修出來的自動(dòng)變速器故障不斷，換了新的液壓閥體還是一樣。因?yàn)殡s質(zhì)已被帶入自動(dòng)變速器的液壓循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中，像慢性病一樣總是出現(xiàn)，而且找不到病根。這種情況就必須徹底清洗和清潔整個(gè)液壓系統(tǒng)回路，故障才能徹底排除。

　　During the operation of an automatic transmission, ATF is constantly flowing. Generally speaking, the ATF cycle of an automatic transmission is carried out as follows: firstly, the oil pump is driven by the engine and extracts ATF from the oil pan. The ATF first enters the main pressure regulating valve in the hydraulic valve body, and a part of it enters the hydraulic torque converter through the main pressure regulating valve. Before entering the hydraulic torque converter, it also passes through the lock up pressure regulating valve of the hydraulic valve body for adjustment; After passing through the hydraulic torque converter, ATF flows through the radiator. As the radiator is located outside the transmission, ATF has already flowed out of the transmission and then flows back into the transmission through the radiator's return pipe. The secondary oil circuit is usually referred to as the lubrication circuit, which is used to lubricate planetary gears and other mechanisms to prevent them from overheating and burning out; Finally, these lubricating oils flow back to the oil pan located at the bottom of the transmission, completing one cycle. As the oil pump continues to operate, the ATF circulates back and forth. Therefore, in automatic transmission maintenance work, the cleaning and cleaning of parts are crucial. Usually, we use kerosene to clean parts. Some small repair shops, in order to save money, repeatedly use a small amount of kerosene to clean parts, and then dry them with compressed air. As a result, the automatic transmission faults that were repaired continued to occur, and even after replacing the hydraulic valve body with a new one, it remained the same. Because impurities have been introduced into the hydraulic circulation system of the automatic transmission, they always appear like chronic diseases, and the root cause cannot be found. This situation requires thorough cleaning and cleansing of the entire hydraulic system circuit in order to completely eliminate the fault.

　　雜質(zhì)不僅來自不清潔的清洗零件，更多的雜質(zhì)來自變速器內(nèi)部，變速器由于不斷磨損而產(chǎn)生的金屬碎屑和摩擦片的碎屑。金屬碎屑主要來自不斷磨損的行星輪、銅套和軸承。液力變矩器內(nèi)部的一些墊片、磨損的鎖止活塞以及前蓋內(nèi)側(cè)壁。剖開舊的液力變矩器，往往會(huì)看到雙金屬墊片的銅層已經(jīng)被磨損掉，導(dǎo)論也被墊片磨損。摩擦片碎屑有的來自自動(dòng)變速器內(nèi)的離合器，有的來自液力變矩器內(nèi)的鎖止摩擦片。尤其是鎖止摩擦片，它產(chǎn)生的碎屑會(huì)隨著 ATF的流動(dòng)而污染液力變矩器、散熱器、液壓閥體和電磁閥。

　　Impurities not only come from unclean cleaning parts, but also from the interior of the transmission, where metal debris and friction plate debris are generated due to continuous wear and tear. Metal debris mainly comes from the constantly worn planetary gears, copper sleeves, and bearings. Some gaskets inside the hydraulic torque converter, worn locking pistons, and the inner wall of the front cover. When cutting open an old hydraulic torque converter, it is often seen that the copper layer of the bimetallic gasket has been worn off, and the introduction is also worn by the gasket. Some of the debris from the friction plates comes from the clutch inside the automatic transmission, and some comes from the locking friction plates inside the hydraulic torque converter. Especially the locking friction plate, the debris generated by it will contaminate the hydraulic torque converter, radiator, hydraulic valve body, and solenoid valve with the flow of ATF.

　　藏匿這些雜質(zhì)的最好地方就是液力變矩器和散熱器。液力變矩器內(nèi)部有許多皺褶的部位，尤其是鎖止活塞反面的減震器內(nèi)側(cè)，是藏污納垢的號(hào)地方。如果不把變矩器剖開來進(jìn)行徹底清洗，是無法洗干凈的。將液力變矩器剖開進(jìn)行翻新是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的自動(dòng)變速器維修流程，但由于條件所限，許多維修企業(yè)都不具備這種設(shè)備。因此在對(duì)待液力變矩器的清潔時(shí)應(yīng)十分地謹(jǐn)慎 ，沒有掌握的話可以換新件。散熱器的清潔問題也很多，其內(nèi)部管道彎曲迂回，即使清潔時(shí)施加較大的壓力，也難確保清洗效果。因此，將散熱器清洗干凈并不是想象的那么簡(jiǎn)單。若用壓縮空氣進(jìn)行清潔，就更沒法保障了，因?yàn)榧词箛?yán)重堵塞的散熱器也能讓壓縮空氣流過，給人以通暢的感覺。

　　The best places to hide these impurities are the hydraulic torque converter and radiator. There are many wrinkles inside the hydraulic torque converter, especially on the inside of the shock absorber on the opposite side of the locking piston, which is a place where dirt and grime accumulate. If the torque converter is not disassembled for thorough cleaning, it cannot be cleaned thoroughly. Cutting open the hydraulic torque converter for refurbishment is a standard automatic transmission maintenance process, but due to limited conditions, many maintenance companies do not have this equipment. Therefore, great caution should be taken when cleaning hydraulic torque converters, and if not mastered, new parts can be replaced. There are also many cleaning issues with radiators, as their internal pipes are bent and circuitous, making it difficult to ensure cleaning effectiveness even when subjected to high pressure during cleaning. Therefore, cleaning the radiator is not as simple as imagined. If compressed air is used for cleaning, it is even more difficult to guarantee, because even severely clogged radiators can allow compressed air to flow through, giving people a smooth feeling.

　　液壓閥體中的鎖止閥和閥孔都比較容易磨損。這是因?yàn)橛吐费h(huán)的特點(diǎn)使ATF從散熱器流出后，首先流到液壓閥體中的鎖止閥，從散熱器帶出來的雜質(zhì)很容易卡主或者磨損鎖止閥套，同時(shí)也會(huì)磨損閥孔。在這種情況下，僅僅更換鎖止閥套已經(jīng)不能解決此處的問題，必須通過閥孔進(jìn)行鉸孔并安裝增大型鎖止閥和閥套，否則就應(yīng)該更換液壓閥體。

　　The locking valve and valve hole in the hydraulic valve body are prone to wear and tear. This is because the characteristic of oil circulation causes ATF to flow out of the radiator and first to the lock valve in the hydraulic valve body. Impurities carried out from the radiator can easily get stuck or wear out the lock valve sleeve, and also wear out the valve hole. In this case, simply replacing the locking valve sleeve cannot solve the problem here. It is necessary to drill the valve hole and install an enlarged locking valve and valve sleeve, otherwise the hydraulic valve body should be replaced.

　　總之，在維修中既要防止從外部帶入污染物，也要從變速器內(nèi)部清除污染物。在很大程度上，零件清洗流程和工藝體現(xiàn)了維修企業(yè)的專業(yè)化程度和維修品質(zhì)。

　　In short, during maintenance, it is necessary to prevent the introduction of pollutants from the outside and to remove pollutants from the inside of the transmission. To a large extent, the parts cleaning process and technology reflect the level of specialization and maintenance quality of the maintenance enterprise.

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